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Ransomware is a malicious computer software that locks files on a victim’s system or network. Once an infection is in place, a message will appear on the screen asking for payment to unlock files or return systems to normal operation. The attacker will usually offer a time limit for the payment, and some variants of the attack will increase the amount demanded with each missed deadline.

Ransomware attacks are a clear reminder that critical organizations must prioritize cybersecurity tools and procedures. Attacks against hospitals, schools, fuel pipelines, and government agencies can have a devastating effect on the people that rely on these services. For example, the recent attack against the Colonial Pipeline and JBS Foods has affected thousands of customers, leading to a disruption in services like water, transportation, and food production.

The growing popularity of ransomware can be attributed to a few factors. First, attackers are able to make money quickly and easily. The illicit market for ransomware tools and exploits is highly efficient and offers attack building blocks and “ransomware as a service” to actors of all skill levels.

Second, many attackers target healthcare and other vital sectors because they can cause widespread impact. Attacks against these sectors can lead to a loss of productivity, financial loss, and damage to brand reputation. The attack against the NHS highlights this risk, and it’s important that cybersecurity professionals advocate for stronger security standards and support cross-sector collaboration to prepare for and respond to attacks.