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Cybercrime includes unauthorized release of protected personal information, smuggling of illegal drugs and weapons through counterfeit and fraudulent identification documents, theft of intellectual property from businesses, and ransomware attacks. There is a cyber component to almost every type of investigation HSI conducts, including drug trafficking; smuggling of firearms and other dangerous goods; child pornography; investment fraud; and money laundering (CBP9821). Cyber crime also impacts our national security through the collection of intelligence data and manipulation of political discourse.

With cyberattacks occurring with staggering speed, prosecutors and investigators must be quick to identify and investigate them. This is challenging because the Internet allows criminals to hide behind a globe-spanning network of servers. Criminals also attempt to cover their tracks by using a wide variety of tools to conceal their activities, such as encryption, anonymity, and pseudonyms.

Even though cyberattacks often occur in remote locations, they can have profound impacts locally and nationally. These include financial losses, operational disruptions, and long-term reputational damage. Cybersecurity considerations now play a critical role in selecting and managing vendors and supply chain partners.

The legal system’s approach to cybercrime continues to evolve, and the emphasis on severe penalties remains firm. The borderless nature of cyberspace poses challenges to law enforcement, as does the fact that many crimes are committed by transnational groups. Despite these obstacles, authorities are able to pursue justice against cybercriminals through a range of mechanisms, such as extradition agreements and diplomatic pressure.