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Cybercriminals use malware to access data and systems, steal account credentials, extort payments or cause business disruption. Infection often starts with a deceptive download, booby-trapped installer, malicious macro or compromised update path. But attackers are getting more sophisticated, using techniques like polymorphic code and fileless malware that runs directly in memory without leaving a trace to evade detection.

Many forms of malware disguise themselves as programs that do useful things, like convert PDFs or unzip files, find product discounts or provide caller ID functionality on smartphones. Once downloaded, the malware can begin making unauthorized changes to the system: monitor behavior and display ads, steal data, damage or corrupt files, or create backdoor access that hackers can use to remotely control devices, install more malware or share sensitive information.

How bad the damage is depends on how well the malware is hidden, how invasive it is and how many devices are infected. But, even relatively minor attacks can have serious consequences: a single piece of ransomware that infects a corporate network could wreak havoc on productivity and cost millions to eradicate.

Preventing malware infections begins with implementing best practices for the digital workplace, including using antimalware software, running system scans and avoiding suspicious links in emails or text messages. Once an attack is detected, it’s important to follow incident response guidance that includes containing and mitigating the damage and notifying stakeholders. Also, consider using security orchestration, automation and response (SOAR) platforms to automate alerts from disparate security tools and create semi- or fully automated playbooks for responding to malware in real-time.