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Cybersecurity is a field that applies to the protection of data, systems and networks from hackers. It also covers measures that ensure business can continue as normal following a data breach or other adverse incident. It is a broad and complex discipline, so it’s important that the right people are hired to do the job.

A cybersecurity specialist must be able to detect threats and understand how they work. They must also be able to determine what impact an attack will have on operations. It’s also crucial that they know how to respond quickly and keep disruptions to a minimum. They must also have a good understanding of industry regulations and best practices to be effective.

There are many different types of cyber attacks. These include ransomware, phishing, botnet software, cryptojacking, DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attacks and DNS tunneling, which spoofs the domain name system to redirect traffic. Cyberattacks can be malicious or unintentional, and they may affect a wide range of business functions, from data breaches to disrupting critical infrastructure like water systems and power grids.

The cyber skills shortage is a huge concern for companies of all sizes. It’s vital that employers provide educational opportunities for people wanting to learn more about cybersecurity. They should also consider offering tuition assistance or providing a full scholarship to help fill the gap and enable more diverse talent pools to enter the profession. It’s also essential that companies use cybersecurity metrics to help them understand and prioritize their risk. This is the only way they can demonstrate the value of their efforts to stakeholders and justify budget allocations.