What Is Hacking?
Hacking is the ability to break into and modify computer systems. While it’s often associated with cybercriminals stealing sensitive information and unleashing disruptive viruses, it can also be used for a number of positive purposes.
The term ‘hacker’ first emerged in the 1960s to describe a programmer who, in an era of highly constrained computer capabilities, hacked (modified) their code to increase its efficiency. Over time, the term gained a negative connotation when it was used in the media to describe individuals who break into computers for criminal financial gain.
In the 1980s, hackers were largely limited to those involved with programming and hardware development. However, with the advent of home computers capable of running Unix-like operating systems and inexpensive internet connections, hackers became more prevalent in the general public. With the rise of online message boards and forums, hackers started to form a subculture around their activities. Some hackers use their skills for good; others – referred to as black hat hackers – break into computer systems for a malicious purpose, such as stealing credit card information, damaging computer programs and even sabotaging systems like train railways or airlines.
Ethical hackers (also known as pen testers) hack into systems to test for cybersecurity vulnerabilities and advise clients on how to strengthen their defenses. Hackers are a diverse group, with many people who change careers and move into cybersecurity because of their love of learning. For example, Jeremy Chisamore went from poker player to professional pentester with little prior IT experience.