Malware and Other Malicious Software
The term Malware refers to any software program that can steal data, hack into systems, or otherwise cause harm to devices and networks. Hackers use malware for a variety of reasons, from stealing sensitive information like credit card numbers and passwords to disrupting service by creating giant networks of “zombie” devices called botnets. Malware can be downloaded in a number of ways, including through email or instant messages (phishing attacks), through websites and vulnerabilities in programs, and even directly from USB sticks and flash drives.
Malware includes viruses, worms, trojans, spyware and some forms of adware. Viruses can delete data, corrupt or infect files and operating systems, and spread to other devices on the same network. Viruses can also hide snippets of code in other executable programs and then start running when those programs are opened.
Trojan horses are self-replicating programs that can enter systems undetected, often through social engineering tactics such as fake downloads or by exploiting vulnerabilities in applications. They can do everything from stealing passwords and financial information to installing cryptomining software and adware to generate revenue for attackers.
Many threats that attack computers, tablets and phones can be prevented through personal vigilance and the use of security software. Look for software recommendations from independent review sites, friends and family. And remember that smartphones carry more private information than desktop computers, including GPS locations, travel plans, shopping history and a host of other data that can be used by attackers.