Malware and Malware Prevention
Malware is harmful software developed by cyberattackers with a specific goal in mind. It may steal financial assets, encrypt business critical data and lock down computing systems for ransom or simply collect sensitive information without the user’s knowledge. Each malware type gains entry to a system differently, but all gain access and execute attack code without the user’s consent.
Once malware is on a device it can make unauthorized changes, such as monitoring behavior, sending private information to hackers, changing search engine results or displaying pop-ups to generate ad revenue. It can also perform more extreme actions such as stealing passwords, erasing hard drives or disabling security tools on the computer.
Different malware types target different vulnerabilities. Viruses hide in clean programs and reproduce themselves by inserting their code into other executable files. Worms replicate on a network by exploiting flaws in security protocols, spreading from file to file or using social networking applications and instant messaging to spread the infection. Trojans masquerade as harmless programs, but when activated they damage or steal information, and logic bombs concealed in programs can be triggered or released at a predetermined time to crash a system or wipe a hard drive.
Other malware types include spyware that collects information without a user’s knowledge, including browsing habits and login credentials, or adware that installs applications on a device to display advertising. Another popular attack is cryptojacking, where attackers hijack a user’s device to mine cryptocurrency for them. Signs of infection include a device slowing down or acting strangely, pop-ups, the appearance of unfamiliar programs, erratic system behavior and disabled security tools. To remove malware, disconnecting from the internet, restarting in Safe Mode and running antivirus scans can help. Prevention includes updating security software regularly, avoiding suspicious links and downloads, implementing a strong password policy, keeping operating system tools active and running regular scanning on a schedule to flag new threats.