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Hacking is the unauthorised access and manipulation of mobile devices, computer systems, networks and IoT devices. It involves bypassing security measures to steal sensitive information, disrupt operations, or distribute malware and viruses. It requires technical knowledge, problem-solving skills and creativity to find and exploit weaknesses in software, hardware or passwords. Hackers are motivated by a number of factors including financial gain, espionage, protesting, making a statement or just for the challenge. Black hat hackers are often motivated by criminal activity and profit and include cybercriminals who carry out attacks against businesses or government agencies for monetary gain. Grey hat hackers, like Kevin Mitnick (the famous “bad hacker”) are reformed bad hackers who use their skills to help organizations identify vulnerabilities in their systems and protect against attacks by malicious actors.

Cyberattacks can be technical or social in nature and include phishing, ransomware, data theft, lateral movement tools, privilege escalation scripts and exfiltration mechanisms. A more sophisticated form of hacking known as advanced persistent threat (APT) can go undetected for months and evade detection by traditional security systems.

Top companies hire ethical hackers to stay ahead of cyber threats and prevent exploitation of vulnerabilities by criminals. Using penetration testing, an ethical hacker assesses the security of a company’s systems and provides valuable feedback on ways to improve cyber resilience. They can also help a business to meet compliance standards such as GDPR and ISO 27001 Risk Assesment. When it comes to hiring an ethical hacker, careful vetting is required, with multiple character references and background checks recommended.