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Attackers use phishing to trick recipients into sharing sensitive information, such as their passwords or credit card details. Usually, these are collected to access a victim’s accounts and/or steal their identity. The information may then be sold on underground markets to the highest bidder, or used for other criminal purposes, such as distributing malware.

Cybercriminals use a variety of methods to make their phishing emails appear legitimate. They might impersonate well-known brands to increase their chances of catching someone who interacts regularly with those companies. They might also spoof email addresses to create the appearance of a legitimate domain name. They might even rework an existing message to target the recipient.

The most common phishing attack involves requests for personal information. This is usually done via an urgent message that tries to fluster the recipient so they take action without fully considering the situation. It’s important that employees never respond to such requests, whether over the phone or email. Instead, employees should contact the sender directly to verify the request’s authenticity.

Other phishing attacks involve sending fake invoices and requests to pay unauthorized fees. These should always be reported to the relevant organizations immediately. Employees should not open any attachments or click on any links in such messages. They should also consider the use of generic greetings, such as “Dear Customer” or “Dear User,” as a red flag. In addition, they should check the legitimacy of links by hovering over them to reveal their true destination (or shortened URLs). They should also keep an eye out for misspellings and inconsistencies in spelling or grammar.