Phishing – A Digital Form of Social Engineering
Phishing is a digital form of social engineering, in which hackers trick targets into taking a reasonable action that results in divulging sensitive information or downloading malware. This attack can be carried out via email, instant messaging, phone, social media networks and even Wi-Fi. Attackers use a variety of technical approaches such as browser vulnerabilities, clickjacking, cross-site scripting and man-in-the-middle attacks to steal information from users.
Victims are often targeted using impersonation, where attackers pretend to be a trusted entity such as the organization’s CEO or finance department authority to gain trust and convince the target to take action. Attackers also use fear tactics to create urgency, such as telling the target their account has been compromised and urging them to take urgent action to resolve it.
Another common phishing technique is voice phishing, or vishing, which involves attackers calling victims and spoofing caller ID to make the calls appear legitimate. These calls typically scare the victim into handing over money or personal information.
In a spear phishing attack, attackers target specific individuals with specific data such as names, passwords and other credentials, using information obtained from previous breaches or public social media accounts. These attacks can be very sophisticated and hard to detect.
A successful phishing attack can lead to a major data breach that exposes confidential and proprietary information, leaving organizations vulnerable to loss and theft. To mitigate phishing, organizations can remind staff to always verify any requests for money or personal details by using a known method such as the company phone number or a search engine instead of clicking links or replying to a text message.