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A data breach occurs when sensitive information is exposed to unauthorized individuals. This can include personal details like Social Security numbers, bank account information and healthcare records as well as corporate assets including intellectual property and financial data. It can lead to hefty fines, lawsuits and a loss of customers, reputation and employees.

The purpose of a data breach is to expose confidential information to cyber criminals for malicious purposes such as blackmail, identity theft or cyberpropaganda. It can also help attackers gain access to a network and launch more damaging attacks. Data breaches can be targeted at businesses or government organizations. For example, unscrupulous businesses might steal trade secrets from competitors, while nation-state actors might breach government systems to obtain sensitive information about military operations or essential national infrastructure.

To prevent a data breach, organizations need to train their employees on how to spot phishing emails and other types of social engineering tactics. They need to implement security measures such as regular audits, logging of network activity and secure storage of credentials.

When a data breach does occur, it should be immediately investigated to determine its scope and cause. Notifications should then be made to all those whose information has been compromised. If the data breach is serious enough, companies need to report it to the supervisory authority. In addition, the company should have an incident response plan in place so that they can quickly contain the breach and mitigate further damage.