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Firewalls are the heart of your network’s security architecture. They control what is – and more importantly, what isn’t – allowed into and out of your device, home or office network. Most firewalls are a combination of hardware and software, and they are positioned at the network perimeter to filter traffic in or out based on predetermined rules.

The best firewalls proactively protect against sophisticated threats using advanced technologies like deep learning and automation. They are able to look deeper into packets, analyzing things like application payloads and which applications are being accessed in order to enforce more granular rule sets.

They save data regarding open connections and evaluate incoming packets in context rather than inspecting each packet, making them faster than proxy-based firewalls. Additionally, they monitor the state of existing connections to verify ongoing communication before allowing additional traffic.

Most off-the-shelf firewalls come with preconfigured rulesets, which help reduce the risk of common mistakes like overly permissive or restrictive settings that could leave your network vulnerable to attack. However, many organizations often add new policies over time, leading to bloated rule sets that can slow performance or create mismatches between traffic filters and their intended targets.

NGFWs automatically reallocate resources during unexpected peak traffic conditions, or other predefined triggers, and then return those to the original groups when conditions are back to normal. This allows them to be more effective against a wide range of threat conditions that may not have been detected by other firewalls, and reduces the need for IT staff to manually manage firewall configurations.