What is Hacking?
Hacking is a cyberattack that uses stealthy methods to breach defenses, gain unauthorized access, and steal or spread malware. It is done by exploiting weaknesses in computer software, hardware systems and even human users. Hackers target the vulnerable systems and networks of individuals, organizations, and governments. They use social engineering tactics to trick those with privileged access into clicking malicious links or opening infected files, then steal or cause damage.
The word hacking has a long history and predates computers themselves. The earliest usage was at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where students who enjoyed tinkering with electrical systems and train sets were known as hackers. Later, the term was used to describe computer enthusiasts who were breaking apart or modifying technology to make it do things its creators didn’t intend. Today hacking is often associated with a rogue lone techno-genius’s peculiar hobby, but there are many more people involved in this multibillion-dollar industry who have both good and bad intentions.
The bad ones are referred to as black hat hackers. They break into computers and networks for a variety of reasons including financial gain, to create viruses, to pirate software, or to get information about credit card or bank accounts. Other motives include political or social issues, such as website defacement and attacks against telecommunications systems. These types of hacks are called hacktivism and can have significant ramifications for the victim. Finally, there are those who work legally to find and exploit vulnerabilities for the sake of improving security. These are called grey hat hackers.