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Cybercriminals use malware to profit from their attacks by stealing valuable data, disrupting business operations or coercing customers into paying a ransom. They exploit vulnerabilities in desktop computers and laptops, mobile phones, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, as well as other connected products in a network that are poorly configured and patched.

Malware is a malicious software program that can be hidden in legitimate programs or downloaded from third-party websites or file sharing platforms. A user could unknowingly download and install malware by clicking on an unknown link or opening an attachment in a suspicious email. The malware can then begin to steal, encrypt, or corrupt data on the device. It may also infiltrate the cloud and mine cryptocurrency for attackers.

Viruses, worms, trojans and spyware are examples of malware. The Morris worm demonstrated the power of malware in 1988, and hackers began to develop rogue code to exploit computer systems. Trojans disguise themselves as antivirus programs, games or other free updates to trick victims into installing them. Once installed, they run silently to steal important information or install backdoors into the victim’s systems.

Spyware records user activity on the device and can expose sensitive information including passwords, credit card details and other financial or personal data. It can even record a victim’s keystrokes to figure out passwords and usernames for online banking and other services. RATs, or Remote Access Tools, give a threat actor the highest level of administrative rights on a target system, and can be hard to detect because they are often buried deep within a machine’s firmware.