What is Hacking?
Hacking is the act of using computer programming skills to gain unauthorized access to systems and networks. Hackers exploit vulnerabilities in cybersecurity defenses to achieve their goals, which may include spying on activity, collecting sensitive data, injecting malware or disrupting operations. They often make use of tools such as dialers, sweepers, network mappers, port scanners and weakness scanners.
Despite popular perception, not all hackers are villainous characters who break into sensitive personal information or critical corporate infrastructure. Hackers who are used by law enforcement, government agencies and corporations (known as white hats) are highly skilled and can use their skills to strengthen security systems, catch criminals and solve other problems. On the other hand, hackers who are used for unethical purposes, such as to expose a security flaw or to profit, are known as black hats.
A common myth is that only hackers are capable of hacking; however, any person with knowledge of programming can do it. Having an understanding of how software is commonly put together, as well as knowing how to work around system limitations, will allow a person to create their own hacks.
Once a hacker has gained unauthorized access to a system, they must find a way to maintain their entry. To do this, they must create a backdoor; an entry point into the system that will allow them to come in again and again without being detected by security systems or antivirus software. For example, if they have managed to get their hands on the compiler for a specific piece of software, they will be able to return whenever that program is recompiled.