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Antivirus is a security tool designed to detect, isolate, and remove malicious code (also known as malware) from the system. Many antivirus tools also protect systems against other security threats such as phishing schemes, insecure websites, and scam apps downloaded from app repositories like Apple’s App Store and Google Play. Many for-purchase antivirus tools include additional features that address more modern security concerns, such as monitoring whether customer passwords appear in a list of stolen credentials leaked on the dark web or alerting users when their personal data has been shared via a ransomware attack.

Traditional antivirus software relies on a signature-based detection method. Cybersecurity vendors identify the unique binary pattern of a virus and create a digital fingerprint for it that AV software can match against files. This approach is limited, however, as malware creators tamper with their creations to avoid detection and as they release polymorphic variants of viruses that change their code signature over time.

A modern antivirus program will often combine this signature- and heuristic-based detection with behavior-based detection. Behavioral analysis looks for patterns of activity that might signal a threat. This might include modifying or deleting large numbers of files, monitoring keystrokes, remotely connecting to computers, and other suspicious actions.

When selecting an antivirus tool, it’s important to consider how frequently the product updates its database of virus and malware definitions and scanning algorithms. This helps ensure the program is able to quickly and accurately detect new threats. In addition, look for a tool that offers extra safety features like a VPN, identity theft protection, and password management and parental controls.