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Firewall is a security system that monitors and controls network traffic between a trusted network and an untrusted network (oftentimes the Internet). It filters incoming data packets based on pre-established rules. This helps to protect the network against cyberattacks.

Each piece of information sent over a computer network is assembled into a packet, which contains information like the sender’s and recipient’s IP addresses, a port number for each protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP), and other data structures. A firewall checks each of these to decide whether it should be allowed into the guarded network based on its ruleset.

Network firewalls are physical hardware appliances that are plugged into networking infrastructure or software-based firewalls that run on devices like computers and routers. The most basic firewalls are packet filtering systems that monitor all incoming and outgoing network traffic for matches to pre-configured rulesets. As networks became more complex, newer generations of firewalls added stateful inspection capabilities and application firewalls that inspect data at the application layer.

Host-based firewalls, on the other hand, are a type of software that monitors and controls network traffic for each device on which it’s installed. This allows us to protect against attacks on specific devices without having to update the entire firewall on an ongoing basis. Firewalls are designed to detect suspicious activity on the network and then notify the administrators. They also allow the admins to create rules that block the suspicious traffic. This helps to prevent the attacker from stealing confidential information from users or using the victim’s computer as a way to attack other users.