What is a Botnet?
A botnet is a network of infected devices (also known as “bots” or “zombies”) that a cybercriminal takes control of remotely. These networks of enslaved machines can be used to perform a variety of malicious activities, such as DDoS attacks, ad fraud, click fraud, spyware, cryptocurrency mining, and ransomware. Cybercriminals often create botnets to generate revenue or to take down websites, gain access to a network, and steal personal data.
A hacker typically takes advantage of security flaws and exploitation to gain remote control over the infected computers, phones, IoT devices, or servers. Generally, the malware is hidden in an application or downloaded by exploiting a vulnerability, such as through an unpatched web server. Once it is installed, the malware links back to a command and control (C&C) server to receive automated commands.
Older botnets communicate with C&C servers via Internet Relay Chat (IRC) or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), but newer botnets fully operate over peer-to-peer (P2P) networks that connect devices directly. These newer botnets function as both a C&C server and a client that receives commands.
A botnet can cause significant business damage by generating large amounts of traffic, stealing sensitive information, or deploying DDoS attacks that degrade workstation performance. Some of the most significant risks include the ability to steal personal information and use it for identity theft, the disruption of critical services, and financial fraud. Businesses should implement cybersecurity solutions and provide employees with training to understand the threat of botnets and the impact they can have on business operations.