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Data Breach happens when sensitive information is accessed, exposed or stolen by unauthorized third parties. They can include insiders such as disgruntled or laid off employees, malicious hackers and organized crime gangs. The most commonly stolen record types are personally identifiable information (PII) and financial data.

Hackers can get credentials from brute force attacks, buying stolen information off the dark web and phishing scams that trick people into unknowingly compromising their own security. They can then use those credentials to break into other sites and platforms where they have accounts. This is called “credential stuffing,” and it works because most people reuse the same passwords or usernames across multiple websites.

Once data breaches are identified, it’s important for companies to quickly contain the breach and find out how much information was accessed. This may involve contacting people whose records were impacted, which is required by law in many jurisdictions. It also involves fixing any vulnerabilities that were exploited to access the data, which can take a significant amount of time and resources to do.

Businesses should have comprehensive vulnerability management and testing, and regularly update their systems with the latest software patches and updates. They should also password protect all devices, and encrypt all data both at rest and in motion. This will help them minimize the cost of a data breach. In addition, they should be able to quickly identify any breaches and mitigate their impact with clean backups.