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Cybercrime involves illegal activities that use computer systems, networks and digital devices to gain unauthorized access or steal information. These activities can harm companies, individuals and governments. Cyberattacks can have a profound impact on businesses, and companies need to protect themselves by creating incident response plans, using multifactor authentication and training employees on cybersecurity best practices.

Online criminals may use phishing, malware and other tools to access data or systems. They may then use the stolen information for fraud or to extort money from victims. Cyberattacks can also destroy or alter data, disrupt operations and hurt a company’s reputation. As the world becomes increasingly reliant on technology, it’s important to understand how these crimes can affect businesses and learn how to prevent them.

An introductory course may explore how cyberattacks occur through phishing, data breaches and social engineering tactics. You might learn about identity theft, a type of cyberattack that involves stealing personal information like usernames and passwords to commit fraud or make unauthorized transactions. You might also learn about phishing websites that try to imitate small-business, corporate or government sites in order to steal personal information from unsuspecting computer users.

Other common cyberattacks include hacking, which is the illegal manipulation of computer systems and networks, and cyber terrorism, which uses sophisticated attacks to damage infrastructure and target organizations, government agencies or individuals. You might also learn about docxing, which is when someone leaks another person’s personal information to the internet without their permission. You could also study denial of service attacks, which occur when criminals flood servers or websites with traffic so they cannot be accessed.