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Malware is invasive software or code that infects, damages, or gains access to computers and mobile devices. Attackers use it to steal sensitive information, commit fraud and identity theft, or extort money. They also deploy it for disruption and sabotage. Malware can be launched from malicious emails, infected websites, or hidden files downloaded via free programs, cracked apps, fake updates, and rogue downloaders.

Signs of infection include increased data usage or a device that runs slow or with frequent crashes. Malware can also display unwanted ads or track browsing activity to deliver targeted messages. The most severe malware attacks encrypt files and hold them hostage, demanding payment in exchange for decryption.

The emergence of AI has catalyzed a fundamental shift in attacker tactics, with threat actors now employing sophisticated automation at scale to evade defenses. This includes automated generation of thousands of unique malware variants or phishing attacks, each designed to blend in with the environment and target specific defenses. They can also dynamically adapt their behavior, changing delivery methods, communications protocols, or even underlying computing power to thwart security solutions and evade detection.

Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in operating systems, web browsers, and other software to deliver malware on a large scale. They can also infect devices through unsecured network protocols, unprotected server infrastructure, and unsafe coding practices. Moreover, attackers can breach these defenses to break into developer accounts and hide malicious code in building or update processes for legitimate software applications. They can then distribute the compromised software to end users.