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Cyber-security is all about securing computer systems, networks and data. It’s a complex field, but it’s easy to visualize its effects: without robust defenses, it would be easy for hackers to wreak havoc on modern-day essentials like the power grid and water treatment facilities. And the theft of personal data can have devastating consequences for individuals and companies.

Cyber security professionals use a wide variety of hardware-software solutions to protect against these threats. Firewalls, which function as network guards, examine incoming and outgoing traffic to block or allow data based on security rules. Antivirus and antimalware software act like doctors for your devices, scanning and removing malicious programs that can steal data or cause system damage. And intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) act as security alarms, scouring networks for anomalous activity that could indicate the presence of a threat.

As technology evolves and workplaces embrace bring your own device (BYOD) policies, organizations need to secure a wide range of endpoints that may not be under their control. These include desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones and IoT devices like connected cars and refrigerators. And they must consider the impact of cloud services, collaboration tools and remote work models on security.

A graduate degree can give you a leg up when seeking cybersecurity jobs, particularly if you pursue one with an emphasis in information security management or investigation. But there are also a number of certificate programs available that can help you build your skills and qualify for entry-level positions. For example, an online cybersecurity certificate from NTNU can help you develop the skills you need to become a certified information systems security professional (CISSP), a highly respected credential that validates your knowledge of best practices in the field.